How Digital Images Are Stored

How do the pictures we shoot get stored in our digital cameras? They all go into a tiny little storage area – the memory card. Such a little area and yet, so many pictures can be held there till such time as we decide to transfer them onto a computer or print them on traditional film.
How exactly does this differ from the conventional storage of photographs? In the old cameras, the film captured the picture you took. Once the roll of film was over, you couldn’t reuse it. You got it developed and then stored the prints. Now, a memory card can be used, erased and reused again and again. It’s like a container – the moment it is full, you empty it out someplace else and it’s ready to be filled up again. And these memory cards come in various sizes so you can choose how much storage you need at a time. When you choose the size, keep in mind the resolution of your camera, the compression rate and the format in which the pictures are going to be stored. Most pictures are stored as JPEG images which are compressed and are called a ‘lossy’ format. Some cameras store them in a form that is not compressed so this needs considerable more storage space. The place the images are transferred to is also storage. So you can store it on your hard disk, on removable hard drives, optical disks or even CDs.
Let’s take a look at the various memory cards available. The one most widely used is the Compact Flash which you can buy almost anywhere and is very reasonably priced. It usually comes with most new cameras and comes in a choice: Type I and Type II. Find out which one you can put into your camera. Most of them have a 1 GB storage capacity. The very small compact cameras and MP3 players use a memory card called Secure Digital / Multimedia Card (SD/MMC). These are very small cards and do not have as much storage as the Compact Flash cards. Some of the Olympus and Fuji cameras have special, small memory cards that you can use only in their cameras. They can be used in other cameras if they have an adapter. They are called XD Picture Cards. Most Sony cameras use a Memory Stick. They can be used in their other devices as well. However, you can only use them in Sony products. You also get a Micro Drive which has a large storage capacity and is very inexpensive. It is housed in a Compact Flash casing and is actually a hard drive.
Recover your photos now!

Smart Flash Recovery

Smart Flash Recoveryis a Flash recovery tool for Windows operating system that supports the FAT 16/32 file system.
The software easily recovers data from any type of storage media: flash drives, USB drives, digital cameras, memory sticks, PC cards, multimedia cards, secure digital cards and more. Smart Flash Recovery can recover any deleted files, including MS Office files, photos, mp3, and zip files.

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Compact Flash Card Recovery 3.0.1.5

"Software retrieve corrupted memory card media data file photos number flash card"BrothersoftEditor, Memory card data retrieval utility recovers deleted digital images, formatted data, and files from corrupted or damaged memory card due to the card being pulled out while your camera is on or turning your camera off during a write read process number flash card. It supports all type of memory cards such as Konica, Sony, Digital Dream, Acer, Samsung, Panasonic, BenQ, Fujifilm, HP, Casio, Philips, Relisys, Ricoh, Jenoptik, Vivitar, SanyoUmax, Aiptek, Lumicron, Mustek, Yakumo, Praktica and Pentax. Software supports restoration of not detected 3gp MP3, MPG, and MPEG, MIDI, MRW, Canon .crw, Fuji .raf, Olympus .orf, Kodak .dcr, Minolta .mrw, Nikon .nef, Sigma - Foveon .x3f, QuickTime .mov, .avi, .wav, .dss formats video movie files. It undeletes data, files, pictures which are acciendently deleted from memory card. The software performs READ-ONLY operations on your memory card. It doesn't move, delete, and modify the data on the card to avoid causing further damage or overwriting. It recovers the photos and movie clips from the source memory card and saves them to the destination location you specify. It supports all kind of memory cards like Smart Media, Compact Flash CF, Secure Digital, Card SD, Memory Stick, Micro Drive, xD Picture Card, Multimedia Card MMC and much more. This software is the reliable solution for digital image recovery, digital picture recovery, digital media recovery, and photo restore, data recovery, or whether files were deleted, or the storage was damaged or formatted.Feature: * Recover images, audio video, 3gp, MP3 MP4 files from cellular phones, MP3 players.* Restore lost photos due to formatting or "Delete All" operation.* Retrieve data, images from damaged, unreadable or corrupted memory cards.* It is easy to use due to user friendly graphical interface.* Using memory card data recovery tool is risk free and safe.* Recover pictures from removable digital storage device.

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Flash File Recovery

Flash File Recovery is a data recovery tool.

Flash File Recovery is a nifty application that every photographer should be aware of. Essentially, it can recover any previously deleted image file. Plus, it is capable of salvaging pictures from damaged or corrupted flash drives (including camera's built-in memory) and memory sticks. While camera or storage media failure is a rather rare event, the need to recover intentionally or accidentally deleted picture should be familiar to most camera owners.
Flash File Recovery is a digital image recovery tool for flash cards. This utility efficiently restores deleted and corrupted files from formatted, damaged, unreadable or defective storage media devices. Undoubtedly, this program will be very useful for any owner of a digital camera, as the problem of accidentally or intentionally deleted pictures or video is familiar to any photographer. Moreover, the utility is a perfect tool for both amateur and professional photographers thanks to its simplicity and functionality.

Flash File Recovery recovers image and video files of different formats: JPEG, TIFF and others; RAW Image files, like Canon CRW, Nikon NEF, Kodak DCR and others and various video files – AVI, MOV, MPG/MPEG and many more. What is important, Flash File Recovery allows recovery of pictures from damaged or corrupted flash drives (including camera’s built-in memory) and memory sticks. This fast and easy in use utility supports a wide range of flash cards: SmartMedia, Compact Flash, Memory Stick, MicroDrive, xD Picture Card, Flash Card, PC Card, Multimedia Card, Secure Digital Card, and others.
The main benefits of Flash File Recovery are its total simplicity, ease of use and high performance at the same time. Obviously, the best thing about Flash File Recovery is that it is very simple and straightforward, applying “just press one button” approach to file recovery. It allows recovery of files with just a few clicks. Flash File Recovery has a wizard guiding the user with clear instructions, so even inexperienced people can easily restore files with it. Flash File Recovery supports Microsoft Windows 9x/NT/2000/2003/XP/Vista.
Flash File Recovery is a data recovery tool for various flash cards (SmartMedia , Compact Flash, Memory Stick, MicroDrive, xD Picture Card Flash Card, PC Card, Multimedia Card, Secure Digital Card, etc) and digital camera memory. It can effectively recover corrupted or lost data from formatted, damaged, unreadable or defective storage media.

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CardRecovery 3.50

CardRecovery is a photo recovery software for digital memory card used by digital camera. It can effectively recover lost, deleted, corrupted or formatted photos from various memory cards. The digital photo recovery software is a powerful data recovery tool for image recovery, picture recovery, photo rescue, data recovery, photo restore or digital media recovery whether files were deleted, the storage was damaged or formatted.

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How to recover deleted digital photo files from a flash card

Recently, due to a combination of very poor user interface, and momentary insanity, while meaning to delete one picture on an almost full flash (SmartMedia) card, I recently deleted all the digital picture files on the card. Once I discovered my mistake, I compounded it by continuing to take photos, assuming that the ones I had deleted were irrecoverable and weren't important anyway. Later that day I was informed in no uncertain terms that the pictures I had deleted were important, and that I should make all efforts possible to recover them.
So later that night I sat up with Google and downloaded and tried a number of file recovery programs. A lot of the programs I tried were totally useless. File Scavenger V2, File Recover, Digital Picture Recovery, PC Inspector File Smart Recovery couldn't find any of the deleted files. PC Inspector File Recovery crashed when I ran it. Plus, the people who make the PC Inspector programs started spamming me about their products. I found one that looked promising, PhotoRescue, that showed me thumbnails of the missing photos, and promised that if I bought the program it could recover the full files, or my money back. That seemed reasonable enough and I was prepared to buy it for $29 if none of the others worked.
However, the clear winner at photo file recovery was a program called Zero Assumption Digital Image Recovery. I downloaded the program, checked it for viruses, ran it, and it recovered my files and put them on my hard disk. It has an exceedingly simple user interface. Somewhat disconcertingly for my geeky soul, there are no options to configure or choices to make. I just started the program, told it where to save the images it recovered, pointed it at the card, and it did its stuff. In my case, it worked flawlessly and recovered 155 images, including 22 files that I had deleted and that other programs said didn't exist. It made someone in my family very happy. Zero Assumption Digital Image Recovery is the best program that I have found for recovering photos files deleted from flash cards. As a bonus, it is freeware, released by a Russian programmer as a way of promoting his corporate data recovery software. I hope he succeeds. Very Highly Recommended.

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Flobo Digital Photo Recovery 1.5

Flobo Digital Photo Recovery is a data recovery tool for various flash cards (SmartMedia , CompactFlash, Memory Stick, MicroDrive, xD Picture Card Flash Card, PC Card, Multimedia Card, Secure Digital Card, etc) and digital camera memory. It can effectively recover corrupted or lost data from formatted, damaged, unreadable or defective storage media.




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DiskInternals Flash Recovery

Accidentally deleted photos from your digital camera?
DiskInternals Flash Recovery is a flash memory file recovery tool that restores all corrupted and deleted photographs or the ones that were lost due to hardware malfunction. This utility works even if a memory card was re-formatted. You can see recovered images with the free trial version. After the program is purchased, you can save the images to your hard-drive. 100% Success Rate.
There is no need to set any options - the entire process is done automatically with a built-in Photo Recovery wizard.
The program recovers images from hard-drives, external drives, cameras and flash memory devices such as Smart Media, Compact Flash, Memory Stick, MicroDrive, xD Picture Card, Flash Card, PC Card, Multimedia Card, Secure Digital Card, and many others.


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Flash Recovery Toolbox 1.0.5

"Recover deleted photos, images, audio and video records, audio, MP3, WNA files"BSEditor: Flash Recovery Toolbox is used to recover files deleted from removable media and hard drives with the FAT file system (FAT12/FAT16/FAT32).With helps of Flash Recovery Toolbox you can to do:photo recoverymedia recoveryimage recoveryphoto rescuefoto recoverycompactflash recoveryflash drive recoverydigital picture recoverymp3 recoverypicture recoverydigital image recoverydigital media recoverydigital photo recoverycompact flash data recoveryusb flash recoverycompact flash recoveryand so on.Recovering deleted data with Flash Recovery Toolbox does not require any special knowledge or skills. The program will recover and save deleted files, images, photos or other valuable information in just 4 steps. The program makes use of several different data recovery algorithms and methods. The simultaneous use of all data analysis methods and the complete scan of the source device or drive allow the user to recover as many files as possible. The user has to just select the source drive, select the location to save the source data to and select the files that should be saved. The program will do the rest of the job. Flash Recovery Toolbox recovers deleted digital photos, digital video, audio records, video records, MP3 files, WMA files, movies, documents, messages, images, audio files, sound tracks and other files.Flash Recovery Toolbox is distributed under the Try before Buy license. The user can save only the first 5 recovered files in the unregistered version of the tool. The registered version of Flash Recovery Toolbox has no limitations regarding the amount of recovered data.

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Flash Data Recovery

Flash disks have become ubiquitous media for everything from computer data, mp3 players and digital cameras. It has replaced the floppy disk as means to carry data around. Flash disks are solid-state devices and, therefore, have no moving parts. Plugging it into the USB drive, the flash drive is automatically recognized by the computer without any need of installing additional software. With expected lifetime measured in hundreds of thousands of write-erase cycles, flash drives are expected to last up to 10 years. That's more than twice that of a hard disk.
Flash disk portability however leads to a higher probability of damage due to environmental factors. Aside from the regular causes of drive failure, flash drives could get wet in the rain, the casing could shatter when it is accidentally dropped, or it could be damaged while inside the camera.
The difference in data storage between a flash drive and a regular hard drive or a floppy is due to the data residing on a chip. This allows for a truly random access across the whole media. In fact, the disk access algorithm makes sure that the data is spread evenly among data sectors with the use of "wear leveling algorithm." The flash disk has a finite number of write or erase cycles. If it were to keep on writing to a particular sector, that sector would literally wear out from use much earlier than the other sectors. The wear leveling algorithm ensures that the sectors wear out evenly. And also because of the wear leveling algorithm, when a data sector wears out, the rest of the disk is sure to quickly follow.
In some instances, the camera cannot distinguish between the file system on the flash disk and force a format. Early flash disks used FAT12 or FAT16. FAT32 is used by current generation large capacity flash disks. If the digital camera fails to detect the flash drive's capacity it might wrap around data while writing the photo and over-write system areas.
There are times the flash disk could not be read by the computer. Though attributed to the computer, this is an error caused by the camera or MP3 player OS. Unplugging the drive while it's writing data may also cause a corrupted flash drive.
Flash data recovery in most ways is like recovery from any other media using FAT. The only difference is the location of the media files. The data can be recovered by using data recovery tools capable of reading FAT. Typically for cameras, the file structure is fixed. The camera's limited operating system will write to a specific folder on the directory. The same goes with MP3 players. The mp3 files have to be located in a specific directory for the mp3 player to locate and play them. Some specialized tools look for the specific folder where the media files should be.
Treating all the data on the disks as data files, disk recovery programs or other utilities are capable of correcting any errors. The Windows CHKDSK utility treats the disk like any other drive.
In case of lost data, flash data recovery is just like recovering data from any other medium but, again, with slight differences. Because the data is stored differently, there are more tools available for flash data recovery. Available tools and utilities include flash data recovery specializing in picture files or mp3 music files. Other specialized utilities which can be used for flash data recovery are those which specifically recover data from FAT drives. In case the pictures were accidentally erased from the camera, these utilities are also able to recover them and recover the picture.
In some cases, data recovery can be even simpler. A flash disk recovered from a lake or which got wet from the rain may still be usable after making sure that the circuitry is completely dry. And a flash disk with a broken case might even be usable. In both instances, it would be good to test first by plugging it in. If the drive is still readable, just copy the files before deciding what to do with the flash drive.
Flash Memory Data Recovery is the process of restoring data from primary storage media when it cannot be accessed normally. Flash memory data recovery is a flash memory file recovery service that restores all corrupted and deleted photographs even if a memory card was re-formatted. This can be due to physical damage or logical damage to the storage device. Data even from damage flash memory can be recovered, and more than 90% of lost data can be restored.

The Best Data Recovery Choice For You

The best defense against a loss of data is a really solid and faithful backup routine of important files to reliable media. It's also a good idea for the media to be removable and portable if possible so that even if something happens to your whole computer for any reason, the data is protected by being in a totally different physical area.
OK, so that is the best solution to data loss. But what if you have not been backing up your drive like you should and now you find yourself confronted with the daunting task of getting all the important files back that were on your computer before the emergency happened? (By the way, you can take some comfort in knowing that quite a few people find themselves in this situation. You are not alone.) What are your choices at this point?
Well, basically there are two ways of recovering data from a damaged disk, either by using a data recovery service or a data recovery software package. Either can do the job, but there are some factors that should go into your decision about which one to use. First, are you pretty computer savvy? If you are then maybe data recovery software will work for you. If not, do not try this method at all. The other is how much time do you have to spend on retrieving this data? If you have lots of time to put into it, then consider doing the job yourself with a reputable software package. If you don't have much time to devote to this endeavor, don't waste both time and money with the software option.
If you have decided upon using a data recovery service, you should know that the odds are that you will get a good portion, if not all of your data back. The generally accepted success rate in the industry is around 80%. Much of the success will depend on the skill and determination of the data recovery specialist who will be working on your drive. They all have sophisticated software tools to work with, but data recovery is not as simple as just plugging in a piece of software, walking away and coming back when it has found all the files. It often requires a specialist who is a bit of a detective, andnot easily discouraged, to get back a good portion of data, especially on drives with physical damage.
Don't be surprised to get two quotes for data recovery from some companies either. One for logical data retrieval that is much easier to handle and will be a much lower figure, and one for physical damage which is far more challenging and therefore rightly costs more. You will also find that cost quotes will often vary considerably. It is usually best to choose somewhere in the middle of the pack toward the higher end. The reason for this is that some companies engage in a bait and switch tactic that indicates that they will cost less initially, but when they actually receive the drive they wil claim that upon review the cost will be much higher. It's best to avoid messing with these companies at all.
So if you have lost data and have no backups to fall back on, data recovery can still be done. Just use the guidelines presented in this article for choosing the data recovery method that will work best for you.

Accidentally deleted photos from your digital camera?

DiskInternals Flash Recovery is a flash memory file recovery tool that every digital camera owner should have handy. Essentially, this program is a "first aid kit" for digital photographers and comes to the rescue at the exact time when it's needed.
Unfortunately, photographs are often accidentally deleted or lost due to hardware (camera or memory) malfunction. Sometimes, flash memory gets re-formatted. The good news is that in all of these cases the images are not lost. DiskInternals Flash Recovery can undelete and restore photographs in a matter of seconds or minutes.
This is how it works
When you connect your camera or flash memory card to your PC it is recognized as an external disk. Then the program starts scanning memory, showing every picture that can be recovered. All of this can be done with the free evaluation version of DiskInternals Flash Recovery. To save these images, you need to register the program.

Profesional Photo Recovery (CRW, CR2, RAW, TIFF, TIF, NEF, PEF, X3F)
RAW Photos is the basis of professional digital photography. All professional cameras use the RAW format to get perfect photos. Depending on the camera, files can be of different types: CRW, CR2, RAW, TIFF, TIF, NEF, PEF, X3F. DiskInternals Flash Recovery recovers CRW, CR2, RAW, TIFF, TIF and other RAW photos in the fully automatic mode. It's a professional product for professionals!

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My Flash Recovery

Data recovery tool for flash drives and other type of USB devices from all major manufacturers under FAT 16/32 file system - find, preview and restore accidenatlly deleted data even flash drive was formatted. Deleted files, documents, archives, images, video, music and other erased important information can be effectively recovered and saved without any special skills. My Flash Recovery use two mode: quick (less then one min.) and deep scan, designed to recover data from formated flash drives. Preview of any file is possible even with the free trial version. After the program is purchased, you can restore single file as far as entire folder. My Flash Recovery will work under Windows NT,2000,XP,2003,Vista operating systems.



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CardRecovery

CardRecovery™ is the leading photo recovery software for memory card used by digital camera. It can effectively recover lost, deleted, corrupted or formatted photos and video files from various memory cards. It supports almost all memory card types including SD (Secure Digital) Card, CF (Compact Flash) Card, xD Picture Card, Memory Stick, SmartMedia Card, MicroDrive, MMC (MultiMediaCard), MicroSD, MiniSD and more.
CardRecovery, the award-winning digital photo recovery software is the reliable solution for digital image recovery, digital picture recovery, digital media recovery, photo rescue, photo restore, data recovery, or whether files were deleted, the storage was damaged or formatted.Our unique and exclusive SmartScan technology completes those impossible recovery tasks that other software cannot touch -- SmartScan quickly locates and restores files that other recovery software could never find.Using CardRecovery is safe and risk-free. The software performs READ-ONLY operations on your memory card. It doesn't move, delete, and modify the data on the card to avoid causing further damage or overwriting. It recovers the photos and movie clips from the source memory card and saves them to the destination location you specify.
CardRecovery Features
Recover deleted photos from memory cards.
Recover lost photos from memory cards.
Recover photos from formatted memory cards.
Recover photos from damaged, unreadable or defective memory cards.
Recover pictures from removable storage including floppy disks, Zip disks etc.
Recover images, audio/video, MP3/MP4 files from cellular phones, MP3 players, PDAs.
Supported Storage
Compact Flash card, CF card recovery
Memory Stick, Memory Stick Duo, Memory Stick Pro, Memory Stick Pro Duo recovery
Secure Digital card, SD card, miniSD, MicroSD, TransFlash memory card recovery
MultiMedia card, MMC card recovery
SmartMedia, SM card recovery
xD Picture card recovery
Micro Drive, MicroDrive recovery
Cellular phone, PDA, MP3 and MP4 player digital media recovery
Floppy disk, Zip disk digital image recovery.
Supported Situations
Photos deleted accidentally or intentionally from memory cards.
Photo loss due to formatting or "Delete All" operation.
Memory card error or damage, or inaccessible memory card.
Corruption due to the card being pulled out while your camera is on.
Damage due to turning your camera off during a write/read process.
Data corruption due to critical areas damage e.g. FAT, ROOT, BOOT area damage.
Data loss due to using between different cameras/computers/devices.
Other events that could cause damage to data.


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Easy photo recovery

Easy Photo Recovery provides you a handy tool to recover deleted photos from memory cards. The simple interface yet dedicated recovery logic helps you to recover lost images from digital media like Compact Flash, SD, MMC, memory stick, etc from any manufacturer.
Ease of UseEasy-to-use user interface. Two scanning modes available to effectively and efficiently recover the deleted photos.
Recover Original FilenameRecover original filename even in 'Complete Scan' (sector scanning) mode, which is hardly found in other similar products in the market.
Try before BuyTrial version allows you to save your pictures and video (reduced resolution/duration) to ensure proper recovery.
Thorough RecoverySpecially designed logic to recover as many photos/videos as possible from your digital media.


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Flash Recovery

Flash Recovery is a powerful and easy to use data recovery software that can recover photo images and movies digital cameras, memory cards and hard drives. It can recover photos and video clips that have been accidentally deleted, or where the memory card has been formatted. It can even recover images that have been lost while downloading them from the camera to the PC.

Flash Recovery is one of the most effective photo image recovery software available but it is still easy to use. A Wizard guides you through the process of recovering your photos. Just select the drive that is your memory card, click Next and wait while the software scans it for your photo images and movies. As the photos are recovered, a film strip showing thumbnails of the recovered pictures is displayed.
You can select the pictures you want to recover. If there are a large number of images you can use filters based on criteria like filename or size to select the files to display. When you have made your selection click Next and the images will be saved to your hard drive. It's that easy!

Try Flash Recovery FREE! If Flash Recovery can't find your pictures it will cost you nothing. If they are recoverable, the free trial version will display thumbnails of the photos. You can even preview them full size. Use the purchase option in the product to buy a registration key that unlocks the ability to save the recovered files.

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Flash Memory and Data Recovery

Flash memory gets its name due to its microchip arrangement in such a way, that its section of memory cells gets erased in a single action or "Flash".
Both NOR and NAND Flash memory were invented by Dr. Fujio Masuoka from Toshiba in 1984.The name 'Flash' was suggested because the erasure process of the memory contents reminds a flash of a camera, and it's name was coined to express how much faster it could be erased "in a flash". Dr. Masuoka presented the invention at the International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) held in San Jose, California in1984 and Intel recognizes the potentiality of the invention and introduced the first commercial NOR type flash chip in 1988, with long erase and write times.
Flash memory is a form of non-volatile memory that can be electrically erased and rewrite, which means that it does not need power to maintain the data stored in the chip. In addition, flash memory offers fast read access times and better shock resistance than hard disks. These characteristics explain the popularity of flash memory for applications such as storage on battery-powered devices.
Flash memory is advance from of EEPROM (Electrically-Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) that allows multiple memory locations to be erased or written in one programming operation. Unlike an EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory) an EEPROM can be programmed and erased multiple times electrically. Normal EEPROM only allows one location at a time to be erased or written, meaning that flash can operate at higher effective speeds when the systems using; it read and write to different locations at the same time. Referring to the type of logic gate used in each storage cell, Flash memory is built in two varieties and named as, NOR flash and NAND flash.
Flash memory stores one bit of information in an array of transistors, called "cells", however recent flash memory devices referred as multi-level cell devices, can store more than 1 bit per cell depending on amount of electrons placed on the Floating Gate of a cell. NOR flash cell looks similar to semiconductor device like transistors, but it has two gates. First one is the control gate (CG) and the second one is a floating gate (FG) that is shield or insulated all around by an oxide layer. Because the FG is secluded by its shield oxide layer, electrons placed on it get trapped and data is stored within. On the other hand NAND Flash uses tunnel injection for writing and tunnel release for erasing.
NOR flash that was developed by Intel in 1988 with unique feature of long erase and write times and its endurance of erase cycles ranges from 10,000 to 100,000 makes it suitable for storage of program code that needs to be infrequently updated, like in digital camera and PDAs. Though, later cards demand moved towards the cheaper NAND flash; NOR-based flash is hitherto the source of all the removable media. Followed in 1989 Samsung and Toshiba form NAND flash with higher density, lower cost per bit then NOR Flash with faster erase and write times, but it only allows sequence data access, not random like NOR Flash, which makes NAND Flash suitable for mass storage device such as memory cards.
SmartMedia was first NAND-based removable media and numerous others are behind like MMC, Secure Digital, xD-Picture Cards and Memory Stick. Flash memory is frequently used to hold control code such as the basic input/output system (BIOS) in a computer. When BIOS needs to be changed (rewritten), the flash memory can be written to in block rather than byte sizes, making it simple to update. On the other hand, flash memory is not practical to random access memory (RAM) as RAM needs to be addressable at the byte (not the block) level. Thus, it is used more as a hard drive than as a RAM.
Because of this particular uniqueness, it is utilized with specifically-designed file systems which extend writes over the media and deal with the long erase times of NOR flash blocks. JFFS was the first file systems, outdated by JFFS2. Then YAFFS was released in 2003, dealing specifically with NAND flash, and JFFS2 was updated to support NAND flash too. Still, in practice most follows old FAT file system for compatibility purposes.
Although it can be read or write a byte at a time in a random access fashion, limitation of flash memory is, it must be erased a "block" at a time. Starting with a freshly erased block, any byte within that block can be programmed. However, once a byte has been programmed, it cannot be changed again until the entire block is erased. In other words, flash memory (specifically NOR flash) offers random-access read and programming operations, but cannot offer random-access rewrite or erase operations.
This effect is partially offset by some chip firmware or file system drivers by counting the writes and dynamically remapping the blocks in order to spread the write operations between the sectors, or by write verification and remapping to spare sectors in case of write failure.
Due to wear and tear on the insulating oxide layer around the charge storage mechanism, all types of flash memory erode after a certain number of erase functions ranging from 100,000 to 1,000,000, but it can be read an unlimited number of times.
Flash Card is easily rewritable memory and overwrites without warning with a high probability of data being overwritten and hence lost.
In spite of all these clear advantages, worse may occur due to system failure, battery failure, accidental erasure, re-format, power surges, faulty electronics and corruption caused by hardware breakdown or software malfunctions; as a result your data could be lost and damaged.
Flash Memory Data Recovery is the process of restoring data from primary storage media when it cannot be accessed normally. Flash memory data recovery is a flash memory file recovery service that restores all corrupted and deleted photographs even if a memory card was re-formatted. This can be due to physical damage or logical damage to the storage device. Data even from damage flash memory can be recovered, and more than 90% of lost data can be restored.

Flash Retriever 1.01

Flash Retriever now has support for raw image formats. Many higher resolution digital cameras have the capability of saving uncompressed "raw" image files. These images are not as easy to use as JPEG, but they have fewer compression artifacts and are of generally higher quality. Many of the recovery programs available on the Internet do not support these "raw" image file formats. Flash Retriever now has this capability, including the ability to display thumbnail images from raw camera files. Canon, Nikon, Olympus, Kodak and many other cameras are supported. Click here to see the complete list of cameras that have been tested.
Even if your flash media has been formatted, Flash Retriever can bring your memories back to life! Accidentally deleted files can also be easily recovered. There are limits to what can be recovered if additional pictures are saved or files written, so it is important to stop using the media until the pictures or files are recovered. While many video cameras are supported, because of how the Sanyo/Fischer FVD-C1 records it is not possible to recover deleted video.
If you have lost precious pictures or irreplaceable files on any type of flash media, Flash Retriever can recover them in a few quick and easy steps. Click on any of the screens displayed below for a larger image.


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